What are the differences between y and yr in Welsh?

Hello,

I'm learning Welsh on the Duolingo course, and I've just gotten to the The 1 lesson, and I cannot figure out the differences between "Y" and "Yr" or when to use them. Correct me if I'm wrong, but "'r" is used when a verb is before, for example 'Dych chi'n hoffi'r draig', I like the dragon. So why is it 'Y siop', the shop, and why is it 'Yr athro', the teacher.

If anyone knows that would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for reading!

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